Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Calibration Curves: Linear Least Squares01:20

Calibration Curves: Linear Least Squares

1.4K
A calibration curve is a plot of the instrument's response against a series of known concentrations of a substance. This curve is used to set the instrument response levels, using the substance and its concentrations as standards. Alternatively, or additionally, an equation is fitted to the calibration curve plot and subsequently used to calculate the unknown concentrations of other samples reliably.
For data that follow a straight line, the standard method for fitting is the linear...
1.4K
Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors01:17

Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors

105
A survey team is tasked with determining the elevation difference between points Point A and Point B, separated by uneven terrain. They use a leveling instrument and a leveling rod.Common MistakesMisreading the Rod: During a backsight reading at Point A, the instrumentman observes the rod partially obscured by tall grass. Instead of reading 1.135 m, they mistakenly record 1.735 m due to the misalignment of the crosshair with the wrong graduation. This error adds 0.600 m to all subsequent...
105
Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

110
Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length,...
110
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

120
Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....
120
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

116
Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
116
Distance Corrections01:15

Distance Corrections

55
To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...
55

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparative efficacy and safety of first-line treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Compound probiotics alleviate aflatoxin B1-induced reproductive toxicity in mice by remodeling gut microbiota and testicular metabolome via NRF2 pathway action.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety·2026
Same author

Astrocyte-specific NRCAM deficiency promotes GABAergic synapse pruning to drive central sensitization in bone cancer pain.

Journal of translational medicine·2026
Same author

Association between intracranial arterial stenosis severity and recurrent stroke risk in elderly ischemic stroke patients.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same author

Secondary metabolites in a mangrove-associated fungus <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> 06T03 and their antibacterial activity.

Natural product research·2026
Same author

Unlocking the decadal history of algal blooms in shallow lakes: A spectral polarity framework reveals nonlinear temperature responses.

Water research·2026
Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

9.9K

Joint least-squares algorithm correcting phase-shift errors and detector nonlinearity simultaneously in

Huijie Zhu, Hongwei Guo

    Applied Optics
    |May 3, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a joint least-squares algorithm to address coupled errors in phase-shifting interferometry. The method accurately estimates phase, phase shifts, and detector nonlinearity, improving measurement precision.

    More Related Videos

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
    12:14

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

    Published on: August 12, 2013

    21.8K
    Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
    10:39

    Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

    Published on: October 11, 2016

    9.7K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 31, 2025

    Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
    08:39

    Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

    Published on: January 28, 2019

    9.9K
    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
    12:14

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

    Published on: August 12, 2013

    21.8K
    Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
    10:39

    Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

    Published on: October 11, 2016

    9.7K

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Metrology
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Phase-shifting interferometry (PSI) is susceptible to simultaneous errors from phase shifter miscalibration and detector nonlinearity.
    • These coupled errors are challenging to eliminate due to their interdependence within interferograms.
    • Accurate phase measurement is critical in various scientific and engineering applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel algorithm for simultaneously compensating phase shifter miscalibration and detector nonlinearity in PSI.
    • To enable accurate estimation of phase, phase shifts, and detector response coefficients.
    • To enhance the overall phase-measuring accuracy of PSI systems.

    Main Methods:

    • A joint least-squares phase-shifting algorithm is proposed.
    • An alternate least-squares fitting procedure is employed to decouple the coupled errors.
    • The algorithm's convergence conditions, including equation uniqueness and anti-aliasing, are analyzed.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed algorithm successfully decouples and estimates phase, phase shifts, and detector nonlinearity coefficients simultaneously.
    • Experimental validation confirms the algorithm's effectiveness in improving phase-measuring accuracy.
    • The method provides a robust solution for overcoming common PSI error sources.

    Conclusions:

    • The joint least-squares algorithm offers a significant advancement for phase-measuring accuracy in PSI.
    • This method effectively addresses the challenge of coupled phase shifter and detector errors.
    • The algorithm is a valuable tool for applications requiring high-precision phase measurements.