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Related Concept Videos

Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

472
Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
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Perception01:28

Perception

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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
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Sensation01:21

Sensation

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Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of external stimuli, initiating the process known as sensation. This occurs when sensory input, such as light entering the eye, is detected by these receptors, causing chemical changes in the cells of the retina. These cells then convert the sensory stimulus into action potentials that are transmitted to the central nervous system, a process termed transduction.
Absolute thresholds can quantify the sensitivity of sensory...
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Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

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Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
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Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

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Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
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Degree of Unsaturation02:05

Degree of Unsaturation

8.0K
The degree of unsaturation (U), or index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD), is defined as the difference in the number of pairs of hydrogen atoms between the compound and the acyclic alkane with the same number of carbon atoms. Each double bond or ring costs two hydrogen atoms compared to a saturated analog and results in one degree of unsaturation.
The degree of unsaturation for hydrocarbons is U = (2C + 2 − H) / 2, where C is the number of carbon atoms and H is the number of hydrogen atoms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Visualizing Visual Adaptation
04:43

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Published on: April 24, 2017

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Perception of saturation in natural objects.

Laysa Hedjar, Matteo Toscani, Karl R Gegenfurtner

    Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
    |May 3, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Perceived object saturation is influenced by how lightness and chroma correlate. Observers judged objects with a positive lightness-chroma correlation as more saturated, even when other metrics were lower.

    Area of Science:

    • Visual Perception
    • Color Science
    • Computer Graphics

    Background:

    • Color distribution on surfaces results from surface properties, shape, and lighting.
    • Lightness, chroma, and shading are typically positively correlated on objects.
    • Saturation is often defined as the ratio of chroma to lightness.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of the lightness-chroma correlation on perceived object saturation.
    • To determine if simple colorimetric statistics predict perceived saturation.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized hyperspectral fruit images and rendered matte objects.
    • Manipulated the correlation between lightness and chroma (positive vs. negative).
    • Asked observers to compare perceived saturation between two object stimuli.

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    Main Results:

    • Observers consistently perceived objects with a positive lightness-chroma correlation as more saturated.
    • This preference persisted even when the negative-correlation stimulus had higher mean/maximum chroma, lightness, and saturation.
    • Colorimetric statistics alone did not accurately predict perceived saturation.

    Conclusions:

    • Perceived saturation is not solely determined by objective colorimetric measures.
    • Observer judgments of saturation are influenced by inferred causes of the color distribution.
    • The positive correlation between lightness and chroma is a key factor in perceived saturation.