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Optical profilometry for forensic bloodstain imaging.

Brayden Vale1, Amanda Orr2, Colin Elliott3

  • 1Forensic Science Undergraduate Program, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada.

Microscopy Research and Technique
|May 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optical profilometry non-destructively analyzes bloodstain surface changes over time. Most significant alterations in bloodstain morphology occur within 35 minutes after deposition.

Keywords:
crack formationdrying bloodstainsforensic sciencesurface profiletime since deposition (TSD)

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Understanding bloodstain degradation is crucial for forensic analysis.
  • Key aspects include pattern analysis and estimating time since deposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate optical profilometry for analyzing bloodstain surface morphology changes.
  • To assess changes in bloodstains of varying volumes (4, 11, 20 μL) up to 4 weeks post-deposition.

Main Methods:

  • Optical profilometry was used to obtain topographical scans of bloodstains.
  • Six surface characteristics were analyzed: roughness, kurtosis, skewness, maximum height, cracks/pits, and height distributions.
  • Both long-term (1.5-h intervals) and short-term (5-min intervals) changes were monitored.

Main Results:

  • The majority of surface characteristic changes occurred within the first 35 minutes.
  • Drying phases and significant morphology changes were observable in small drip bloodstains.
  • Optical profilometry successfully captured short-term and long-term degradation patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Optical profilometry is a non-destructive, efficient tool for bloodstain surface analysis.
  • The method can be integrated into forensic workflows, such as time since deposition estimation.
  • Early-stage drying significantly impacts bloodstain surface morphology.