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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Anxiety: Overview01:18

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Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Etiology, neuropathology, and cognitive dysfunction.

Baland Jalal1,2, Samuel R Chamberlain3,4, Barbara J Sahakian1,2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.

Brain and Behavior
|May 3, 2023
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Summary

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to dysfunction in brain circuits and neurotransmitter systems. Cognitive deficits in OCD, such as impaired flexibility and memory, are associated with abnormal brain activity.

Keywords:
cognitive functioncognitive modelsetiologylearning-based modelsneuropathologyobsessive-compulsive disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Overview of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms, subtypes, diagnostic criteria, and comorbidities.
  • Focus on the etiology, neuropathology, and cognitive dysfunction associated with OCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the symptoms, etiology, and cognitive deficits in OCD.
  • To explore the underlying neuropathology and neurochemistry of OCD.
  • To examine the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and brain circuit activity in OCD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review utilizing a library method.

Main Results:

  • Dysfunction in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits is implicated in OCD symptoms.
  • Neurochemical systems, including serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate, play a putative role in OCD.
  • OCD is characterized by cognitive dysfunction (e.g., impaired cognitive flexibility, visuospatial memory, response inhibition, goal-directed behavior) linked to aberrant CSTC circuit activity.

Conclusions:

  • OCD symptoms are associated with CSTC circuit dysfunction and neurochemical imbalances.
  • Cognitive deficits in OCD are linked to aberrant activity within CSTC circuits.
  • Further research is needed to understand if cognitive deficits in OCD improve with treatment.