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The lunar solid inner core and the mantle overturn.

Arthur Briaud1, Clément Ganino2, Agnès Fienga3,4

  • 1Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Géoazur, Valbonne, France. briaud@geoazur.unice.fr.

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Scientists found evidence for the Moon's solid inner core and a global mantle overturn. This discovery provides insights into the Moon's early history and evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • * Planetary Science
  • * Geophysics
  • * Seismology

Background:

  • * Apollo seismological data revealed lunar internal structure, noting seismic wave velocity decreases at the core-mantle boundary.
  • * Previous studies lacked the resolution to confirm a solid lunar inner core or fully understand lunar mantle overturn.
  • * The Moon's internal dynamics and early history remain subjects of ongoing scientific discussion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the Moon's internal structure, specifically the existence of an inner core and the mantle overturn scenario.
  • * To reconcile geophysical and geodesic data with thermodynamic constraints for lunar interior models.
  • * To provide a more definitive understanding of the Moon's formation and early evolution.

Main Methods:

  • * Combined geophysical and geodesic constraints.
  • * Utilized Monte Carlo exploration and thermodynamical simulations for various lunar internal structures.
  • * Analyzed seismic wave velocities and densities derived from thermodynamic and tidal deformation data.

Main Results:

  • * Identified models with a low-viscosity, ilmenite-enriched zone and an inner core that match thermodynamic and tidal deformation density constraints.
  • * Demonstrated strong evidence supporting the lunar mantle overturn scenario.
  • * Confirmed the existence of a lunar inner core with a radius of 258 ± 40 km and a density of 7,822 ± 1,615 kg/m³.

Conclusions:

  • * The study provides strong indications for a global lunar mantle overturn.
  • * The existence of the lunar inner core is demonstrated, impacting our understanding of the Moon's magnetic field evolution.
  • * These findings offer significant insights into the timeline of lunar bombardment within the first billion years of the Solar System.