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Related Concept Videos

Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

60
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Methods of Classification and Identification01:28

Methods of Classification and Identification

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Bacterial identification relies on a diverse array of techniques to classify and understand microorganisms, each tailored to uncover specific characteristics. Traditional morphological approaches, while still valuable, are limited for closely related or structurally simple organisms. Modern methods integrate biochemical, serological, genetic, and advanced molecular tools to achieve greater accuracy.Morphological and Biochemical TechniquesMorphological characteristics, such as cell shape and...
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Applications of Molecular Taxonomy01:20

Applications of Molecular Taxonomy

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Molecular taxonomy has revolutionized the understanding and classification of bacteria, providing precise insights into their diversity, evolutionary relationships, and ecological roles. By utilizing molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing and fingerprinting, researchers have made significant strides in various fields related to bacterial studies.Resolving Taxonomic AmbiguitiesMolecular taxonomy has been instrumental in distinguishing closely related bacterial species initially thought to...
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
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DNA Isolation01:24

DNA Isolation

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DNA isolation protocols can be fast and straightforward or complex and time-consuming depending on the type and quality of DNA required for further processing. For example, plasmid DNA extraction is a bit more complicated than genomic DNA extraction because of the need for an appropriate lysis method to separate plasmid DNA from gDNA during isolation. However, for specific applications, such as long-range DNA sequencing that require a good yield of high- quality DNA samples, we need to follow...
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Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

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DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Identification of Rare Bacterial Pathogens by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS
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The power of DNA based methods in probiotic authentication.

Hanan R Shehata1,2, Steven G Newmaster1

  • 1Natural Health Product Research Alliance, Department of Integrative Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|May 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Quality control for probiotics is essential. Molecular methods confirmed the identity and accuracy of probiotic strains in a top-selling product, ensuring safety and efficacy for consumers.

Keywords:
amplicon-based high throughput sequencingauthenticationprobioticshotgun metagenomic sequencingspecies-specificstrain-specific

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Food Science

Background:

  • The global probiotic market is expanding, necessitating robust quality control for product safety and efficacy.
  • Assurance involves verifying probiotic strains, viable cell counts, and absence of contaminants.
  • Third-party evaluation of probiotic quality and label accuracy is recommended.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the label accuracy of a top-selling multi-strain probiotic product.
  • To confirm the presence and identity of specific probiotic strains using molecular methods.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 55 samples (5 finished products, 50 raw ingredients) comprising 100 probiotic strains.
  • Utilized targeted PCR, amplicon-based High Throughput Sequencing (HTS), and Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing (SMS).

Main Results:

  • Targeted PCR confirmed all strains/species; 40 identified to strain level, 60 to species level.
  • HTS (V5-V8) showed ~99% reads matched target species; no undeclared species detected.
  • HTS (V3-V4) showed ~2-3% reads matched undeclared *Proteus* species, but culturing confirmed absence of viable *Proteus*.
  • SMS confirmed assembly of all 10 target strains' genomes in finished products.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted methods offer quick, accurate identification of known taxa.
  • Non-targeted methods (HTS, SMS) identify all species, including contaminants, but are complex and costly.
  • Molecular techniques are crucial for ensuring probiotic product quality and label accuracy.