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Related Concept Videos

Flow Table Test01:12

Flow Table Test

207
The flow table test is an established method used to assess the workability of concrete, particularly useful for evaluating highly flowable concrete mixes. This test employs an apparatus that consists of a wooden board topped with a steel plate, collectively weighing 35 pounds. The board is connected to a base via a hinge and measures 27.6 inches on each side.
Concrete is placed within a truncated cone mold that is 8 inches high with an 8-inch base diameter and a 5-inch top diameter. The...
207
Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

117
Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
The...
117

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A Novel Technique for Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Restorations: Achieving Function and Esthetics in Posterior Teeth.

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Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Roughness Impact of Piezoelectric Dental Scaler on Two Distinct Flowable Composite Filling Materials
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Contemporary flowable bulk-fill resin-based composites: a systematic review.

Elizabeth Parra Gatica1, Gerardo Duran Ojeda2, Michael Wendler1,3

  • 1Master Program in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.

Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry
|May 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Flowable bulk-fill resin-based composites (BF-RBCs) show promise for posterior dental restorations. However, significant variations in properties necessitate further clinical research.

Keywords:
Bulk filldegree of conversionflowablepolymerization shrinkageresin-based composite

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Restorative Dentistry

Background:

  • Flowable bulk-fill resin-based composites (BF-RBCs) offer an alternative for posterior dental restorations.
  • These materials are diverse, with notable differences in composition and design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and compare the properties of flowable BF-RBCs.
  • Key properties examined include composition, degree of monomer conversion (DC), polymerization shrinkage, shrinkage stress, and flexural strength.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed in Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Included studies were *in vitro* and reported on DC, polymerization shrinkage/stress, and flexural strength of flowable BF-RBCs.
  • The QUIN risk-of-bias tool assessed study quality.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-three articles were included from an initial 684.
  • Degree of conversion (DC) ranged from 19.41% to 93.71%.
  • Polymerization shrinkage varied from 1.26% to 10.45%, with most shrinkage stresses between 2-3 MPa.
  • Flexural strength exceeded 80 MPa for most materials.
  • A moderate risk of bias was noted in most studies.

Conclusions:

  • Flowable BF-RBCs generally meet the criteria for bulk fill restorations in posterior areas.
  • Significant variations in material composition and properties limit generalizability.
  • Urgent clinical studies are needed to evaluate real-world performance.