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Physical Activity and the Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in 5- to 15-Year-Old Children

Xiang Liu1, Suzanne Bennett Johnson2, Kristian F Lynch1

  • 11Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

Diabetes Care
|May 4, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Increased physical activity in children genetically at-risk for type 1 diabetes may reduce their risk of developing the disease. More daily moderate to vigorous activity was linked to a lower risk of progression in those with multiple islet autoantibodies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with increasing incidence.
  • Genetic predisposition and environmental factors contribute to T1D development.
  • Early identification of risk factors is crucial for prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between physical activity and the development of islet autoimmunity and T1D in genetically at-risk children.
  • To determine if physical activity levels influence the progression from islet autoantibodies to T1D.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study (Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young - TEDDY) involving children aged 5-15 years.
  • Annual accelerometry assessed physical activity.
  • Time-to-event analyses (Cox proportional hazard models) evaluated associations with autoantibody development and T1D onset in different risk groups.

Main Results:

  • No significant association between physical activity and autoantibody development in children negative or single positive for islet autoantibodies.
  • A significant inverse association was observed in children with multiple islet autoantibodies: each 10-minute increase in daily moderate to vigorous physical activity reduced T1D risk (HR 0.920).
  • This association was particularly notable when glutamate decarboxylase autoantibody was the first autoantibody detected (HR 0.883).

Conclusions:

  • Higher daily physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of progression to type 1 diabetes in genetically at-risk children who have already developed multiple islet autoantibodies.
  • Physical activity may play a protective role in the later stages of T1D development.
Abstract

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