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Network structure-function coupling and neurocognition in cerebral small vessel disease.

Jonathan Tay¹, Marco Düring², Esther M C van Leijsen³

¹Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Neuroimage. Clinical

|May 4, 2023

Summary

Structural-functional network coupling is altered in small vessel disease, impacting cognitive decline and apathy. This decoupling, particularly in the cognitive control network, affects neurocognitive outcomes in patients.

Keywords:

Cognition MRI Network analysis Small vessel disease

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Neurology
Systems Neuroscience

Background:

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a primary cause of cognitive decline and vascular dementia.
While SVD alters structural brain networks, its effect on functional networks and their coupling is not well understood.
Decoupling of structural and functional networks is linked to clinical symptoms in other neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between structural-functional network coupling and neurocognitive outcomes in patients with SVD.
To determine if altered network coupling is associated with cognitive decline and symptoms like apathy in SVD.

Main Methods:

262 SVD patients underwent multimodal MRI (diffusion tractography for structural networks, resting-state fMRI for functional networks) and cognitive assessments in 2011 and 2015.
Structural and functional brain networks were reconstructed and correlated to quantify structural-functional network coupling.
Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses were performed to assess associations with cognitive measures.

Main Results:

Reduced whole-brain structural-functional coupling correlated with slower processing speed and increased apathy, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.
Coupling within the cognitive control network was significantly associated with all measured cognitive outcomes.
These findings suggest that impaired network coupling is a key feature of SVD symptomatology.

Conclusions:

Structural-functional network decoupling significantly influences symptomatology in cerebral small vessel disease.
The cognitive control network's function is particularly relevant to neurocognitive outcomes in SVD.
Future research should further explore the role of the cognitive control network in SVD.