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Layer-specific vulnerability is a mechanism of topographic map aging
Alicia Northall1, Juliane Doehler1, Miriam Weber2
1Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
Neurobiology of Aging
|May 4, 2023
Summary
This study reveals distinct microstructural maps for body parts in the aging brain's primary motor cortex (M1). Specific layers show vulnerability to iron and calcium buildup with age.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Neuroanatomy
- Aging Brain Research
Background:
- Cortical topographic maps are crucial for brain organization but poorly understood at the microstructural level in aging.
- The primary motor cortex (M1) exhibits distinct functional areas for different body parts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize layer-wise topographic maps of the primary motor cortex (M1) in younger and older adults using advanced MRI.
- To investigate microstructural differences between M1 functional areas and their changes with age.
Main Methods:
- Acquisition of quantitative structural and functional 7 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging (7T-MRI) data.
- Application of parcellation-inspired techniques to analyze layer-wise T1 and Quantitative Susceptibility Maps (QSM).
Main Results:
- Quantitative T1 and QSM values revealed distinct microstructural fields for hand, face, and foot areas within M1.
- These fields remained distinct in older adults, with intact myelin borders.
- Layer 5 of M1 showed increased iron with age, while layers 5 and superficial layers exhibited increased diamagnetic substances, likely calcifications.
Conclusions:
- A novel 3D model of M1 microstructure demonstrates body parts as distinct structural units.
- Specific cortical layers in M1 exhibit age-related vulnerability to iron and calcium accumulation.
- Findings impact understanding of sensorimotor organization, brain aging, and disease progression.
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