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Related Concept Videos

Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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The Delta-to-Delta Circuit01:17

The Delta-to-Delta Circuit

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In a delta-delta configuration, the source and the load are connected in a delta manner, forming a closed loop that divides the network into three distinct phases. This configuration makes the phase voltages identical to line voltages. Assuming the sources are in positive sequence, the phase voltages can be expressed directly without having a neutral wire.
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Transmission-Line Differential Equations01:26

Transmission-Line Differential Equations

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Transmission lines are essential components of electrical power systems. They are characterized by the distributed nature of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) per unit length. To analyze these lines, differential equations are employed to model the variations in voltage and current along the line.
Line Section Model
A circuit representing a line section of length Δx helps in understanding the transmission line parameters. The voltage V(x) and current i(x) are measured...
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¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Cell Aggregation Assays to Evaluate the Binding of the Drosophila Notch with Trans-Ligands and its Inhibition by Cis-Ligands
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Cell Aggregation Assays to Evaluate the Binding of the Drosophila Notch with Trans-Ligands and its Inhibition by Cis-Ligands

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Coupling dynamics of 2D Notch-Delta signalling.

Francisco Berkemeier1, Karen M Page2

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK.

Mathematical Biosciences
|May 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study explores long-range cell signaling models, revealing that pattern selection depends on complex nonlinear effects not fully captured by current analytical methods.

Keywords:
Lateral inhibitionNotchProtrusionsSignallingStability

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Cell-cell interactions are crucial for pattern formation in biology.
  • The Notch-Delta signaling pathway, a key lateral-inhibition mechanism, has spurred extensive modeling efforts.
  • Existing models sometimes incorporate long-range signaling via cell protrusions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility and limitations of a single-parameter model for long-range cell signaling.
  • To analyze pattern selection dynamics in diverse biological scenarios.
  • To identify the role of nonlinear effects in signaling system dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Linear analysis of signaling models.
  • Multi-scale analysis of pattern formation.
  • Investigation of a single-parameter long-range signaling model.

Main Results:

  • Pattern selection is only partially explained by current analytical techniques.
  • Nonlinear effects significantly influence pattern selection.
  • The investigated model's scope is limited in explaining complex dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Simple models may not fully capture the intricacies of long-range cell communication.
  • Nonlinear dynamics play a critical role in biological pattern formation.
  • Further development of analytical tools is needed for comprehensive understanding.