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Intrinsic Foot Muscle Exercises With and Without Electric Stimulation.

Katherine R Newsham1

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO,USA.

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation
|May 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A 4-week intrinsic foot muscle (IFM) training program improved dynamic balance and foot posture. Adding neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) early in training enhanced these improvements but did not alter perceived exercise workload.

Keywords:
NMESY-Balancearch height indexshort foot exercise

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Intrinsic foot muscle (IFM) strengthening enhances dynamic balance and foot posture.
  • IFM exercises can be counterintuitive, leading to interest in assistive technologies like neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of a 4-week IFM training program on dynamic balance and foot posture.
  • To compare traditional IFM training (TRAIN) with TRAIN plus NMES regarding perceived workload, balance, and foot posture.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 39 participants allocated to control, TRAIN, or NMES groups.
  • IFM exercises were performed daily for 4 weeks, with NMES applied during the first 2 weeks.
  • Measurements included the Y-Balance test and arch height index at baseline, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, with perceived workload assessed throughout.

Main Results:

  • A 4-week IFM program increased Y-Balance (TRAIN) and arch height index (NMES) relative to baseline.
  • NMES group showed early improvements in Y-Balance and standing arch height at 2 weeks.
  • No significant differences were found between TRAIN and NMES groups; perceived workload decreased over time in both training groups.

Conclusions:

  • A 4-week IFM training program effectively improves dynamic balance and foot posture.
  • Incorporating NMES in the initial training phase accelerates improvements in dynamic balance and foot posture.
  • NMES did not significantly impact the perceived workload of IFM exercises.