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Updated: Jul 31, 2025

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Xanthogranulomatous Ureteritis: A Diagnostic Challenge in a Patient with Bladder Cancer
Luiz M Nova-Camacho1, Andrea Val-Carreres Castellote1, Ainara Villafruela Mateos2
1Department of Pathology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain.
Abstract:
Xanthogranulomatous ureteritis is a very rare process characterized by the presence of foamy histiocytes in a background of chronic active inflammation affecting the ureteral wall. Herein, we describe a case of a 64-year-old man with bladder cancer affecting the left posterolateral wall of the bladder. Radiologically, there was a suspicion of multifocal involvement of the ureteral wall. The patient underwent a radical cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and a laparoscopic left nephroureterectomy. Histopathologic examination of the radical cystectomy revealed an invasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma. The wall of the left ureter was replaced by abundant foamy histocytes and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate with lymphocytes and plasma cells consistent with xanthogranulomatous ureteritis. In this report, we highlight the importance of awareness of this benign process when observing a ureteral mass in cancer patients.
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