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Published on: January 28, 2020
Long-Term Prognosis in Patients with Coronary Slow Flow
Amir Mikaeilvand1, Reza Hajizadeh1, Amin Bateni2
1Department of Cardiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Insights
Coronary slow flow (CSF) patients generally have good long-term outcomes. However, regular follow-up is crucial for early detection of adverse cardiovascular events in these individuals.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Vascular Medicine
- Clinical Outcomes Research
Background:
- Coronary slow flow (CSF) is characterized by reduced coronary blood flow velocity and delayed contrast opacification.
- Limited evidence exists on the long-term course and prognosis of patients with CSF.
- Understanding CSF's long-term outcomes is essential for refining patient management strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with coronary slow flow.
- To identify potential adverse cardiovascular events and their incidence over an extended follow-up period.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study involving 213 CSF patients followed from April 2012 to March 2021.
- Data collection included patient files, telephone follow-ups, and outpatient cardiology clinic assessments.
- Logistic regression analysis was employed for comparative assessments.
Main Results:
- The average follow-up duration was approximately 66 months.
- A small percentage of patients (9.5%) required repeat angiography, with 1.5% experiencing myocardial infarction and 2.5% dying from cardiovascular causes.
- No patients required coronary artery bypass grafting; 1.5% underwent percutaneous coronary intervention.
Conclusions:
- Patients with coronary slow flow exhibit favorable long-term prognoses.
- Continuous monitoring and follow-up are vital for the timely identification and management of cardiovascular complications in CSF patients.
Background:
Coronary slow flow (CSF) is defined as decreased coronary blood circulation velocity and delayed opacification of contrast media during angiography. Evidence is insufficient regarding the course and prognosis of CSF patients. Long-term follow-up can help better understand the physiopathology and outcome of CSF. Accordingly, we assessed the long-term outcomes of CSF patients in this study.
Methods:
This retrospective cohort study was carried out on 213 CSF patients consecutively admitted to a tertiary health care center from April 2012 through March 2021. After data collection from the patients' files, follow-up was done via telephone call invitations and assessments of existing data in the outpatient cardiology clinic. The comparative analysis was conducted using a logistic regression test.
Results:
The mean follow-up length was 66.26±15.32 months, 105 patients (52.2%) were male, and the mean age of the patients was 53.81±11.91 years. The left anterior descending was the main affected artery (42.8%). At long-term follow-up, 19 patients (9.5%) required repeated angiography. Three patients (1.5%) had a myocardial infarction and 5 (2.5%) died from cardiovascular etiologies. Three patients (1.5%) underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. No patient required coronary artery bypass grafting. The need for a second angiography had no association with sex, symptoms, and echocardiographic findings.
Conclusion:
The long-term outcome of CSF patients is good, but their follow-up is necessary for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular-related adverse events.
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