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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rising incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) globally.
  • Increased STI risk observed with pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention.
  • Infectious proctitis (IP) is a common gastrointestinal referral, especially in men with receptive anal exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated, practice-oriented review of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for infectious proctitis.
  • To highlight key considerations for clinical history, physical examination, and diagnostic methods.
  • To discuss vaccination, STI screening, and differential diagnosis with inflammatory bowel disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on clinical history, physical examination, diagnostic tests, and treatment modalities for infectious proctitis.
  • Analysis of common causative agents including *Neisseria gonorrhoeae*, *Chlamydia trachomatis*, Herpes simplex virus, and *Treponema pallidum*.
  • Inclusion of information on vaccination, co-screening for other STIs, and differentiating IP from inflammatory bowel disease.

Main Results:

  • Accurate recognition and diagnosis of STIs, including infectious proctitis, are critical for individual and public health.
  • Efficient therapeutic approaches depend on diligent diagnostic assessment.
  • Common agents identified in infectious proctitis include *N. gonorrhoeae*, *C. trachomatis*, HSV, and *T. pallidum*.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of high-risk individuals and comprehensive STI screening are vital for preventing transmission.
  • Notification of diagnosed anorectal diseases aids in public health surveillance and control.
  • A thorough diagnostic and therapeutic approach is essential for managing infectious proctitis effectively.