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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
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Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

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Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Lifespan Dynamics of Healthy Human Hematopoiesis
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Facing challenges with hope: universal immune cells for hematologic malignancies.

Yuqing Wang1,2, Ruihao Huang1, Zheng Wang1

  • 1Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.

Cancer Biology & Medicine
|May 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Universal immune cell therapy shows promise for hematologic malignancies by reducing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and tumor burden. Strategies are being developed to improve cell expansion and persistence for broader application.

Keywords:
Universal immune cellschimeric antigen receptorgraft-versus-host diseaseimmune tolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Therapy

Background:

  • Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) improves survival for hematologic malignancies but faces challenges like graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and immunosuppression toxicity.
  • Existing therapies like donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) and CAR T-cell therapy can still cause GVHD and infusion toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current advancements in universal immune cell therapy for hematologic malignancies.
  • To discuss strategies for overcoming limitations in universal immune cell therapy, focusing on expansion and persistence.
  • To explore future perspectives for this therapeutic approach.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on universal immune cell therapy.
  • Analysis of strategies to enhance universal immune cell proliferation and persistence.
  • Discussion of CAR technology and universal cell lines in the context of immune cell therapy.

Main Results:

  • Universal immune cells possess inherent immune tolerance and anti-tumor capabilities, potentially reducing GVHD and tumor burden.
  • Poor expansion and persistence efficacy currently limit the widespread application of universal immune cell therapy.
  • Strategies including universal cell lines, signaling regulation, and CAR technology are being investigated to improve efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Universal immune cell therapy holds significant potential for treating hematologic malignancies by mitigating GVHD and controlling tumors.
  • Further research and development are crucial to enhance the expansion and persistence of universal immune cells for clinical success.
  • Optimizing these therapies could offer a safer and more effective treatment paradigm for patients with hematologic cancers.