Skull base dural reflection models: tool for teaching neuroanatomy at resource-scarce centers

Skull base dural reflections are complex, and along with various ligaments joining sutures of the skull base, are related to most important vessels like internal carotid arteries (ICA), vertebral arteries, jugular veins, cavernous sinus, and cranial nerves which make surgical approaches difficult and need thorough knowledge and anatomy for a safe dissection and satisfactory patient outcomes. Cadaver dissection is much more important for the training of skull base anatomy in comparison to any other subspecialty of neurosurgery; however, such facilities are not available at most of the training institutes, more so in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A glue gun (100-Watt glue gun, ApTech Deals, Delhi, India) was used to spread glue over the superior surface of the bone of the skull base over desired area (anterior, middle, or lateral skull base). Once glue was spread over the desired surface uniformly, it was cooled under running tap water and the glue layer was separated from the skull base. Various neurovascular impressions were colored for ease of depiction and teaching. Visual neuroanatomy of the inferior surface of dural reflections of the skull base is important for understanding neurovascular orientations of various structures entering or exiting the skull base. It was readily available, reproducible, and simple for teaching neuroanatomy to the trainees of neurosurgery. Skull base dural reflections made up of glue are an inexpensive, reproducible item that may be used for teaching neuroanatomy. It may be useful for trainees and young neurosurgeons, especially at resource-scarce healthcare facilities.