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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation
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Bovine blastocyst-like structures derived from stem cell cultures.

Carlos A Pinzón-Arteaga1, Yinjuan Wang2, Yulei Wei3

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|May 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created bovine blastoids, an in vitro model, by combining stem cells. These blastoids mimic early bovine embryos, aiding research in livestock reproduction and embryogenesis.

Keywords:
Bovine-blastocyst-like structuresblastoidsbovine blastoidsbovine embryonic stem cellsbovine expanded potential stem cellsbovine trophoblast stem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Stem cell research
  • Livestock science

Background:

  • Improving farm animal reproduction is crucial.
  • Limited embryo supply hinders research on blastocyst formation and implantation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient in vitro method for generating bovine blastocyst-like structures (blastoids).
  • To establish an accessible model for studying bovine embryogenesis and improving reproductive efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Assembling bovine trophoblast stem cells and expanded potential stem cells.
  • Generating bovine blastoids in vitro.

Main Results:

  • Bovine blastoids exhibit similar morphology and cell composition to natural blastocysts.
  • Single-cell transcriptomes and in vitro growth patterns are comparable to blastocysts.
  • Transferred blastoids elicited maternal recognition of pregnancy in recipient cows.

Conclusions:

  • Bovine blastoids provide a viable in vitro model for studying early embryogenesis.
  • This method can enhance reproductive efficiency in livestock species.
  • Blastoids facilitate research previously limited by embryo availability.