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Bernoulli's Principle: Applications01:17

Bernoulli's Principle: Applications

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There are many devices and situations in which fluid flows at a constant height and so can be analyzed using Bernoulli's principle. These devices include, but are not limited to, entrainment devices and fluid flow measuring devices.
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General External Flow Characteristics01:26

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The study of external flow is essential for creating structures and objects that interact efficiently and safely with moving fluids, such as air or water. When a body is immersed in a flowing fluid, it experiences two primary forces: drag, which opposes motion along the flow direction, and lift, which acts perpendicular to the flow. The shape, size, and orientation of the object influence these forces.Streamlined and Blunt Bodies in External FlowObjects in fluid flow are classified as...
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Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is...
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A spray tank system is engineered to uniformly distribute a pest-control liquid across plants by using a pressurized mechanism. The tank, pressurized to 150 kPa, holds the pesticide at a height of 0.80 meters. Liquid flows from the tank through a 1.9 meter pipe with a diameter of 0.015 meters, angled at 0.698 radians, ultimately reaching a 0.007 meter nozzle that sprays the pesticide. Accurate calculation of the system's flow rate is crucial to ensure uniform application, and this is...
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In pipe flow measurement, orifice, nozzle, and Venturi meters are commonly used to determine fluid flowrates by constricting the flow area, which increases fluid velocity and reduces pressure. This pressure difference, governed by Bernoulli's principle and adjusted for real-world conditions, is essential for calculating flowrate. Each meter type is suited to specific applications based on accuracy, efficiency, and compatibility with various flow conditions.
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Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp
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Investigation into fresh air delivery performance with vortex ring.

Chaoqi Gong1, Yong Cheng1, Yaohong Jiang1

  • 1School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|May 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A novel air supply method using vortex rings significantly enhances indoor air quality. Optimal parameters (formation time 3.5, velocity 3 m/s, temperature difference 0°C) improve fresh air delivery by up to 200% compared to traditional jets.

Keywords:
Air vortex ringEntrainmentFresh air delivery performanceLarge eddy simulationPulsed jet

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Area of Science:

  • Building Services Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Indoor Air Quality Management

Background:

  • Traditional air supply systems face challenges in efficient fresh air distribution.
  • Improving indoor air quality (IAQ) is crucial for occupant health and productivity.
  • Vortex ring structures offer a potential mechanism for enhanced air delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of air supply parameters on the fresh air delivery performance of vortex ring air supply.
  • To identify optimal parameters for maximizing fresh air distribution using vortex rings.
  • To compare the performance of vortex ring air supply with conventional air jets.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations were employed to model the behavior of air vortex rings.
  • Key parameters studied included formation time (T*), supply air velocity (U₀), and temperature difference (ΔT).
  • Fresh air delivery performance was quantified using the cross-sectional average mass fraction of fresh air (Cₐ).

Main Results:

  • Convective entrainment by the vortex ring is driven by induced velocity and negative pressure zones.
  • Fresh air delivery (Cₐ) increases with formation time up to T* = 3.5 and then decreases.
  • Cₐ shows minimal variation with velocity around U₀ = 3 m/s but decreases with increasing temperature difference (ΔT).
  • Optimal parameters identified: T* = 3.5, U₀ = 3 m/s, ΔT = 0°C.

Conclusions:

  • The air vortex ring supply demonstrates superior fresh air delivery compared to traditional air jets.
  • Optimal parameter settings significantly enhance the efficiency of fresh air distribution.
  • This vortex ring-based air supply method offers a promising approach for improving indoor air quality.