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Related Concept Videos

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
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Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
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Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

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Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
Dissociative Fugue
A hallmark feature of dissociative disorders is the dissociative fugue...
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Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
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Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

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Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
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Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders01:24

Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders

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Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder/Developmental Trauma Disorder/Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Complementary

Deborah R Simkin1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, 8955 Highway 98 West, Suite 204, Miramar Beach, FL 32550, USA.

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Treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) varies by abuse details. New diagnostic approaches and complementary therapies may improve outcomes for children with developmental trauma.

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AbuseAdolescentsChildComplementary and integrative medicine (CIM)Developmental trauma disorder (DTD)EpigeneticsInflammationPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Research domain criteria

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Treatment effectiveness for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) varies significantly based on the age of abuse onset, type, and duration.
  • Current therapeutic modifications and diagnostic criteria adjustments may still fail to identify all children requiring intervention.
  • Existing treatments may be insufficient for addressing the complex effects of early life trauma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of a Developmental Trauma Disorder (DTD) framework, similar to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), for identifying treatment-resistant PTSD.
  • To investigate the role of epigenetic and inflammatory changes in early abuse contributing to non-responsiveness to standard PTSD treatments.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of Complementary and Integrative Medicine (CIM) interventions in reversing the adverse effects of developmental trauma.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of PTSD treatment responses based on abuse characteristics.
  • Evaluation of modified diagnostic criteria for child trauma detection.
  • Conceptual framework development for Developmental Trauma Disorder (DTD) aligned with RDoC principles.
  • Review of evidence for CIM interventions like meditation, Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs).

Main Results:

  • Treatment outcomes for PTSD are demonstrably influenced by the timing, nature, and persistence of abuse.
  • Despite diagnostic refinements, a subset of children with trauma-related conditions remains undetected.
  • DTD may offer a more comprehensive model for understanding the biological underpinnings (epigenetic, inflammatory) of treatment resistance in early trauma.
  • CIM interventions show promise in mitigating or reversing trauma-induced physiological changes.

Conclusions:

  • A paradigm shift towards recognizing Developmental Trauma Disorder (DTD) is needed for better identification and treatment of complex trauma in children.
  • Addressing epigenetic and inflammatory pathways through novel diagnostic frameworks and CIM interventions is crucial for improving outcomes in non-responsive PTSD cases.
  • Further research into DTD and CIM therapies is warranted to develop more effective treatment strategies for early life abuse survivors.