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Iron Deficiency in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Internalizing and
Dimitri Fiani1, Solangia Engler2, Sherecce Fields2
1Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 8080 N Stadium Dr. Ste 180.35, Houston, TX 77054, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/dimitrifiani.
Abstract:
This article reviews the role of iron in brain development and function, with a focus on the association between iron deficiency (ID) and neuropsychiatric conditions. First, we describe how ID is defined and diagnosed. Second, the role of iron in brain development and function is summarized. Third, we review current findings implicating ID in a number of neuropsychiatric conditions in children and adolescents, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other disruptive behavior disorders, depressive and anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorder, movement disorders, and other situations relevant to mental health providers. Last, we discuss the impact of psychotropic medication on iron homeostasis.
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