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Dyslipidemia and atherogenic indexes in children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia

Sanghamitra Ray1, Diganta Saikia1, Yachika Vashisht1

  • 1Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, Delhi, India.

Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy
|May 5, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) exhibit dyslipidemia and a higher risk of atherosclerosis due to elevated atherogenic lipid indexes. Routine monitoring of these lipid indexes is crucial for early detection and intervention in TDT patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Cardiovascular Risk Assessment
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) is a chronic condition requiring regular blood transfusions.
  • These transfusions can lead to iron overload and associated metabolic complications.
  • Lipid profile abnormalities are increasingly recognized in TDT patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the lipid profile and atherogenic lipid indexes in children with TDT.
  • To compare these parameters between TDT children and healthy controls.
  • To identify potential cardiovascular risks associated with dyslipidemia in TDT.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 72 TDT patients (ages 3-14) and 83 healthy controls.
  • Fasting lipid profiles (LDL, HDL, cholesterol, VLDL, triglycerides) were measured.
  • Atherogenic lipid indexes including Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Castelli's Risk Indexes I & II, and Atherogenic Coefficient were calculated and compared.

Main Results:

  • TDT children showed significantly lower mean LDL, HDL, and cholesterol levels compared to controls (p<0.001).
  • TDT children had significantly higher mean VLDL and triglyceride levels (p<0.001).
  • Elevated atherogenic lipid indexes (AIP, Castelli's I & II, Atherogenic Coefficient) were observed in TDT patients.

Conclusions:

  • Children with TDT demonstrate dyslipidemia and an increased risk of atherosclerosis, evidenced by higher atherogenic lipid indexes.
  • The study highlights the importance of routine assessment of lipid indexes in TDT management.
  • Further research is recommended to develop preventive strategies for lipid abnormalities in this population.
Abstract

Keywords:
Atherogenic index of plasmaCastelli's risk indexes I & IILipid indicesLipid profileTransfusion-dependent thalassemia

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