Oncogenic signaling-mediated regulation of chromatin during tumorigenesis

Jahangir Alam1, Md Nazmul Huda1, Alan J Tackett1,2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.

Insights

Dysregulated signaling pathways, including TGF-β, Hippo, Wnt, Notch, and PI3K-AKT, alter chromatin and epigenetics, driving cancer development and spread. Understanding these epigenetic modifications is key to cancer research.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Cancer research

Background:

  • Signaling pathways are crucial for cellular functions and gene expression.
  • Dysregulation of these pathways is linked to disease, especially cancer.
  • Epigenetic modifications play a significant role in cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how specific signaling pathways modulate chromatin modifications.
  • To explore the role of epigenome regulation in tumorigenesis and metastasis.
  • To highlight the connection between signaling pathway dysregulation and cancer development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of signaling pathways and epigenetics.
  • Analysis of the interplay between signaling pathways and chromatin modifications.
  • Discussion of key pathways: TGF-β, Hippo, Wnt, Notch, and PI3K-AKT.

Main Results:

  • Signaling pathway dysregulation alters chromatin modifications.
  • These epigenetic changes contribute to the regulation of the epigenome.
  • The discussed pathways are implicated in promoting tumorigenesis and metastasis.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic alterations driven by signaling pathway dysregulation are central to cancer.
  • Targeting these pathways and their epigenetic effects may offer therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into signaling pathway-epigenome interactions is vital for cancer treatment.

Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.1K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.8K
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
9.0K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
6.3K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
4.2K
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
4.6K