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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

5.2K
The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model
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Balloon-Expandable Pulmonary Valves for Patched or Native Right Ventricular Outflow Tracts.

M Álvarez-Fuente1, M Toledano2, E Garrido-Lestache2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain. maria.alvarezfuente@gmail.com.

Pediatric Cardiology
|May 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation in native right ventricular outflow tracts is feasible using specific techniques. This study details successful procedures in 45 patients with congenital heart disease.

Keywords:
Anchoring techniqueBalloon-expandable valvesCongenital heart diseasePercutaneous pulmonary valve implantationTetralogy of Fallot

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Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Guided Valve Sizing for Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Implanting balloon-expandable valves in native right ventricular outflow tracts (nRVOT) is complex due to varied anatomies and large, distensible nRVOT.
  • Specific techniques have been developed to address these challenges in percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a single-center experience with balloon-expandable percutaneous pulmonary valves in nRVOT.
  • To describe techniques, complications, and short-to-mid-term follow-up outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive study of 46 patients who underwent PPVI in nRVOT between September 2012 and June 2022.
  • Successful implantation of 45 valves (Sapien and Melody), with pre-stenting in all cases.
  • Application of specific techniques including Dryseal sheath and anchoring for challenging anatomies (large or pyramidal nRVOT).

Main Results:

  • 45 valves successfully implanted in 46 patients, primarily with Tetralogy of Fallot or pulmonary atresia with VSD.
  • Follow-up showed 7 cases of endocarditis and 3 valve redilations; no valve fractures were observed.
  • PPVI in selected nRVOT anatomies, including large or pyramidal, is feasible with specific techniques like LPA anchoring.

Conclusions:

  • Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation in native right ventricular outflow tracts is achievable in selected anatomies.
  • Specific techniques, such as LPA anchoring, enhance feasibility for challenging nRVOT.
  • Balloon-expandable valves demonstrate safety and efficacy in this patient cohort with appropriate patient selection and technique.