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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
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Magnetic resonance imaging brain yield in developmental delay: A developing country perspective.

Nikhil Rajvanshi1, Swathi Chacham1, Aswanth Ks1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249203, India.

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Summary

Brain MRI is a valuable tool for diagnosing developmental delay (DD) in children, identifying causes like hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and congenital defects. Early MRI evaluation is crucial for effective management of pediatric neuro-morbidity.

Keywords:
ChildrenDevelopmental delayHypoxic-ischemic encephalopathyIntellectual disabilityMRIMagnetic resonance imagingNeuroimaging

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Developmental delay (DD) significantly impacts children's quality of life.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is essential for identifying structural, metabolic, and genetic causes of DD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the diagnostic yield of brain MRI in children with DD.
  • To identify underlying abnormalities and etiological factors using MRI.
  • To correlate MRI findings with clinical presentations in pediatric DD.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 50 children aged 6 months to 6 years with developmental delay.
  • Analysis of brain MRI findings in relation to clinical data.

Main Results:

  • MRI sensitivity was 72% in detecting abnormalities.
  • Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was the most common etiology (42%), followed by congenital defects and metabolic diseases (10% each).
  • Occipital lobe involvement was frequent (44%), often linked to hypoglycemic brain injury and visual abnormalities; frontal lobe involvement correlated with motor/behavioral issues; cortical grey matter abnormalities were associated with seizures.

Conclusions:

  • Brain MRI is highly recommended for evaluating children with developmental delays.
  • It is crucial to investigate various etiologies beyond hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
  • MRI findings can guide diagnosis and management of pediatric neuro-morbidity.