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Related Concept Videos

Stress and Mental Health01:30

Stress and Mental Health

189
Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
189
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

58
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
58
Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

333
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
333
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

51
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
51
Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

150
Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
150
Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

125
Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
125

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
06:55

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

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Stress, inflammation, microbiome and depression.

Eva M Medina-Rodriguez1, Alyssa A Cruz2, Julia Cavati De Abreu2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, United States of America.

Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
|May 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is linked to gut microbiome and inflammation changes, influenced by stress. Understanding the brain-gut axis offers new avenues for treating this prevalent psychiatric disorder.

Keywords:
DepressionInflammationMicrobiomeStress

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Last Updated: Jul 31, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), are increasingly prevalent globally.
  • MDD is a debilitating condition with limited effective treatment options.
  • Emerging evidence implicates microbial and immunological alterations in depression's development.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome and inflammation are critical factors in major depressive disorder.
  • Stress exacerbates these changes, highlighting the importance of the brain-gut axis.
  • Targeting the gut microbiome and inflammatory pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for MDD.