How to phase II: Timelines, perceptions, and suggestions from PGY-1 residency program directors

Phase II was implemented in 2016 to provide structure for applicants and unmatched residency pharmacy programs to interact. Previous literature has provided some approaches for this process; however, clarification on navigating the phase II process to successfully match for applicants and their mentors is still needed. In addition, with phase II occurring for >6 years, there is a need for continual evaluation.

The objectives were to describe (1) program phase II structure and timelines, (2) program personnel demand, and (3) perceptions of and suggestions for phase II from postgraduate year (PGY)1 residency program directors (RPDs) to provide clarity to applicants, mentors, and residency stakeholders.

A 31-item survey was developed including 9 demographic items, 13 program-specific timeline-based items, 5 skip-logic items on screening interviews, and 4 qualitative questions on the benefits, drawbacks, and suggested changes to phase II. The survey was disseminated to PGY-1 RPDs participating in phase II with available contact information in June 2021 and May 2022, with 3 weekly reminders.

The survey was completed by 180 of the 484 RPDs participating in phase II (37.2% response rate). Programs participating in the survey had an average of 1.4 positions (± 0.7) open in phase II and 31 applicants (± 31) per open position. The timelines for screening applications, contacting applicants, and conducting interviews were variable. For qualitative data, RPDs appreciated the structured process and noted high-quality and geographic diversity of applicants in phase II. However, challenges reported were the quantity of applications, lack of time to fully review applications, and technical issues. Suggested changes included an extended phase II timeline, universal application deadline, and technical improvements.

The structured approach of phase II was an improvement compared with historical approaches; however, variability exists in timelines for programs. Respondents identified further opportunities to refine phase II to benefit residency stakeholders.