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Related Concept Videos

Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
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Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

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Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Current Concepts in Nodal Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas.

Naoki Oishi1, Andrew L Feldman2

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.

Surgical Pathology Clinics
|May 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This review covers mature T-cell neoplasms in lymph nodes, including various lymphomas. It highlights diagnostic criteria and updates from the WHO and International Consensus Classifications for these heterogeneous conditions.

Keywords:
Anaplastic large cell lymphomaEpstein-Barr virus–positive nodal T/NK-cell lymphomaPeripheral T-cell lymphomaT-follicular helper cell lymphoma

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Mature T-cell neoplasms primarily affecting lymph nodes are diverse and challenging to diagnose.
  • Includes anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL), T-follicular helper cell lymphoma, and Epstein-Barr virus-positive T/NK-cell lymphoma.
  • Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), not otherwise specified, represents a heterogeneous group with complex diagnostic considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of common nodal mature T-cell neoplasms.
  • To highlight key pathologic features and diagnostic approaches.
  • To incorporate updates from the latest WHO and International Consensus Classifications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mature T-cell neoplasms involving lymph nodes.
  • Summary of diagnostic criteria including clinical, morphological, immunophenotypic, viral, and genetic factors.
  • Focus on updates from the 5th edition WHO classification and 2022 International Consensus Classification.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of ALK-positive and ALK-negative ALCL.
  • Description of nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma characteristics.
  • Summary of Epstein-Barr virus-positive nodal T/NK-cell lymphoma and PTCL, not otherwise specified, features.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of nodal T-cell neoplasms requires integrating multiple data types.
  • Recent classifications provide updated frameworks for understanding these diseases.
  • Continued research is essential for refining diagnosis and management of PTCLs.