Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 31, 2025
Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology
Published on: May 2, 2025
Targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) for treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); the recent
Tannaz Dehghani1, Alireza Shahrjerdi2, Mohammad Saeed Kahrizi3
1Department of Internal Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Iran.
Abstract:
The immune system uses various immune checkpoint axes to adjust responses, support homeostasis, and deter self-reactivity and autoimmunity. Nevertheless, non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) can use protective mechanisms to facilitate immune evasion, which leads to potentiated cancer survival and proliferation. In this light, many blocking anti-bodies have been developed to negatively regulate checkpoint molecules, in particular, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) / PD-ligand 1 (L1), and bypass these immune suppressive mechanisms. Meanwhile, anti-PD-1 anti-bodies such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, and sintilimab have shown excellent competence in successfully inspiring immune responses versus NSCLC. Accordingly, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved nivolumab (alone or in combination with ipilimumab) and pembrolizumab (alone or in combination with chemotherapy) as first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC patients. However, PD-1 blockade monotherapy remains inefficient in more than 60% of NSCLC patients, and many patients don't respond or acquire resistance to this modality. Also, toxicities related to anti-PD-1 anti-body have been progressively identified in clinical trials and oncology practice. Herein, we will outline the clinical benefits of PD-1 blockade therapy alone or in combination with other treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy) in NSCLC patients. Moreover, we will take a glimpse into the recently identified predictive biomarkers to determine patients most likely to suffer serious adverse events to decrease untoward toxicity risk and diminish treatment costs.
Insights
Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) show promise for non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However, resistance and toxicity necessitate exploring combinations and biomarkers for improved outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Immunology and Oncology
- Translational Cancer Research
Background:
- The immune system employs checkpoint axes for regulation, but non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) evades immune surveillance.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibodies, aim to restore anti-tumor immunity.
- FDA-approved anti-PD-1 therapies offer benefits but face challenges of resistance and toxicity in a significant patient subset.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical utility of PD-1 blockade in NSCLC, encompassing monotherapy and combination strategies.
- To discuss the efficacy of PD-1 blockade in conjunction with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and anti-angiogenic therapy.
- To explore emerging predictive biomarkers for identifying patients at risk of adverse events and optimizing treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical trial data and oncology practice regarding PD-1 blockade in NSCLC.
- Analysis of combination therapies involving PD-1 inhibitors with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and anti-angiogenic agents.
- Examination of recently identified predictive biomarkers for toxicity and treatment response.
Main Results:
- Anti-PD-1 antibodies demonstrate competence in eliciting immune responses against NSCLC, with several approved for first-line treatment.
- Monotherapy with PD-1 blockade is insufficient for over 60% of NSCLC patients, highlighting the need for alternative strategies.
- Progressive identification of toxicities associated with anti-PD-1 antibody therapy in clinical settings.
Conclusions:
- PD-1 blockade offers clinical benefits in NSCLC, alone or in combination, but patient response varies significantly.
- Combination therapies and predictive biomarkers are crucial for enhancing efficacy, managing resistance, and mitigating toxicity.
- Further research into predictive biomarkers can personalize treatment, reduce adverse events, and optimize healthcare costs for NSCLC patients.
More Related Videos
10:29Semi-automatic PD-L1 Characterization and Enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Immunofluorescence
Published on: August 14, 2019
07:43Using 22C3 Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Concentrate on Biopsy and Cytology Samples from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Published on: September 25, 2018
