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The Physiological Functions and Polymorphisms of Type II Deiodinase
Yan Deng1, Yi Han1, Sheng Gao2
1Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, China.
Endocrinology and Metabolism (Seoul, Korea)
|May 7, 2023
Summary
Type II deiodinase (DIO2) regulates thyroid hormone levels in tissues and is vital for development and metabolism. The Thr92Ala polymorphism in DIO2 is linked to various diseases, including diabetes and neurodegenerative conditions.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Molecular Biology
- Thyroid Hormone Metabolism
Background:
- Type II deiodinase (DIO2) activates thyroxine into triiodothyronine (T3), crucial for cellular T3 supply.
- DIO2 is essential for T3 regulation in developing tissues, adult brain, and adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT).
- The Thr92Ala polymorphism of DIO2 has been associated with metabolic and degenerative diseases.
Approach:
- This review synthesizes current research on DIO2's physiological roles.
- It examines DIO2's involvement in thyroid hormone signaling, thermogenesis, and brain function.
- The review also discusses the clinical implications of the Thr92Ala-DIO2 polymorphism.
Key Points:
- DIO2 plays a critical role in maintaining intracellular T3 levels for various physiological processes.
- The Thr92Ala polymorphism is linked to type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases.
- Understanding DIO2 function and its polymorphism is vital for comprehending these associated clinical conditions.
Conclusions:
- DIO2 is a key regulator of thyroid hormone action with broad physiological importance.
- The Thr92Ala polymorphism represents a significant genetic factor influencing susceptibility to multiple diseases.
- Further research into DIO2 and its variants can offer insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
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