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Developmental characteristics of young children in a low-income South African community

Shabnam Abdoola1, De Wet Swanepoel1, Marien Alet Graham2

  • 1Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.

Journal of Child Health Care : for Professionals Working with Children in the Hospital and Community
|May 7, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Early childhood development is crucial. Over half of South African children assessed showed signs of developmental delay, with prevalence increasing with age and varying by gender, impacting motor and adaptive behaviors.

Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Pediatric Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Early childhood development is essential for lifelong success.
  • Understanding developmental trajectories in specific populations is key for targeted early intervention.
  • Limited data exists on developmental profiles for children in South Africa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence of developmental delays in young South African children.
  • To identify factors influencing developmental outcomes, including age and gender.
  • To contribute data on developmental characteristics for early intervention planning.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 353 caregivers and their children (mean age 17.9 months) from a primary healthcare clinic.
  • Utilized the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III to identify developmental delays.
  • Employed logistic regression analysis to examine the effects of age and gender.

Main Results:

  • Over half (51.8%) of the children exhibited signs of developmental delay.
  • Developmental delay prevalence increased significantly with age, from 33.1% (under 12 months) to over 60% (13-36 months).
  • Females were more likely to show no delay in general, motor, and adaptive behavior domains. One-third had poor adaptive behavior functioning, potentially linked to cultural factors.

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of young South African children experience developmental delays, particularly in motor and adaptive domains.
  • Age and gender are critical factors influencing developmental trajectories.
  • Findings underscore the need for culturally sensitive early intervention programs in South Africa.

Keywords:
South Africachild developmentearly childhood interventionlow and middle income countries

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