Searching for evidence in neonatology

Evidence-based medicine has changed clinical practice by incorporating data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). While some biases in RCTs are well recognised, we discuss some less acknowledged. Selection bias may arise in the consent stage. Industry-funded studies more often report a positive outcome. Post-hoc changes of outcome measures and other mis-reporting lowers the reliability of outcome data. Finally, even the GRADE system retains subjectivity. CONCLUSION: Moving from "intuition" into "evidence-based" medicine involves grappling with several pitfalls. These pose challenges for authors, editors, reviewers, and readers. All require vigilance before drawing conclusions from presented data.