Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Combustion Energy: A Measure of Stability in Alkanes and Cycloalkanes02:14

Combustion Energy: A Measure of Stability in Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

6.4K
The low reactivity in alkanes can be attributed to the non-polar nature of C–C and C–H σ bonds. Alkanes, therefore, were  initially termed as “paraffins,” derived from the Latin words: parum, meaning “too little,” and affinis, meaning “affinity.”
Alkanes undergo combustion in the presence of excess oxygen and high-temperature conditions to give carbon dioxide and water. A combustion reaction is the energy source in natural gas, liquified...
6.4K
Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkanes: Wolff–Kishner Reduction01:09

Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkanes: Wolff–Kishner Reduction

4.6K
Wolff–Kishner reduction involves converting aldehydes and ketones to alkanes using hydrazine and a base. The reaction converts a carbonyl group to a methylene group. The method was independently discovered by N. Kishner in 1911 and L. Wolff in 1912. The reduction is carried out in high-boiling solvents such as ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol because heat is required to deprotonate the N–H proton in one of the reaction steps.                                       ...
4.6K
Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

32.9K
Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
32.9K
Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

Flame Photometry: Overview

686
Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
686
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

596
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
596
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

439
In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
439

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Co-application of biochar and hydroxyapatite suppresses lead accumulation in rice via a soil-plant-microbe cascade.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Synergistic Fe-Mo Dual Single-Atom Nanozymes: Enhanced Peroxidase-Like Activity and Colorimetric Detection of l-Penicillamine.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Common genetic variation of the IGF2 gene and epithelial ovarian cancer risk in Chinese population.

Discover oncology·2026
Same author

Melatonin-Mediated Modulation of Polyamines Enhances Drought Tolerance in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.).

Journal of pineal research·2026
Same author

Identification of 2-Methoxyethanol as an Alternative Reducing Solvent for the Preparation of <i>cis</i>-[Ru(L)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>].

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Melatonin Alleviates Chromium Toxicity in Maize by Regulating Polyamine Metabolism and Enhancing Antioxidant Activity.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization
09:46

Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization

Published on: May 19, 2019

8.2K

Weighted Network Degree Screening Method for Low-Temperature Combustion Mechanism Reduction.

Jiyun He1, Shengyao Liang1, Mengze Ai1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, No. 105 Xisanhuan Beilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China.

ACS Omega
|May 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A novel weighted network degree screening (WNDS) method simplifies combustion mechanisms by statistically analyzing interactions. This approach effectively reduces complex chemical models for low-temperature oxidation, improving accuracy and efficiency.

More Related Videos

Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer
07:24

Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer

Published on: February 19, 2018

10.2K
Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization
09:46

Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization

Published on: May 19, 2019

8.2K
Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer
07:24

Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer

Published on: February 19, 2018

10.2K
Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

11.9K

Area of Science:

  • Combustion Chemistry
  • Chemical Kinetics
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Combustion mechanisms are complex, requiring reduction for efficient simulation.
  • Low-temperature oxidation presents unique challenges due to numerous reaction pathways.
  • Existing reduction methods may struggle with the intricate details of negative temperature coefficient (NTC) regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new statistical method for reducing combustion mechanisms, specifically targeting low-temperature oxidation.
  • To improve the accuracy and efficiency of reduced chemical kinetic models.
  • To introduce a novel approach for simplifying large-scale combustion reaction networks.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a weighted network degree screening (WNDS) method based on statistical degree screening (SDS).
  • Utilized dynamic information to redefine network structure and exclude weak interactions by assigning edge weights.
  • Set weight thresholds based on low-temperature conditions to focus on effective oxidation pathways.
  • Screened redundant species and reactions using the scale-free character of degree distribution.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the WNDS method on the n-heptane system.
  • Evaluated the reduced mechanism's performance in a closed homogeneous reactor across a wide range of temperatures (600-1000 K), pressures (1-30 atm), and equivalence ratios (0.5-2).
  • WNDS generated a skeletal mechanism with prediction abilities comparable or superior to those from directed relation graph methods.

Conclusions:

  • WNDS is a novel, statistical property-based reduction method suitable for low-temperature oxidation.
  • The method effectively captures essential reaction pathways while overlooking negligible interactions.
  • WNDS offers a promising new strategy for the reduction of large combustion mechanisms.