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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Biocomposites

Background:

  • Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are of great interest, with ongoing research into multifunctional composites.
  • Fossil-based resources for SMP composites raise environmental concerns, driving interest in renewable, biobased alternatives.
  • Alkaline lignin, a natural polymer, is explored as a sustainable reinforcement for SMPs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop alkaline lignin-reinforced shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs).
  • To investigate the thermo-mechanical, morphological, and shape memory properties of these novel SMPCs.
  • To evaluate the effect of varying alkaline lignin content on SMPC performance.

Main Methods:

  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to analyze thermal transitions (Tg).
  • Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to assess storage modulus and mechanical damping.
  • Three-point bending tests to determine flexural modulus.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological analysis.

Main Results:

  • Alkaline lignin addition at 1% and 3% increased the glass transition temperature (Tg), while 5% decreased it.
  • Storage modulus and bending modulus increased with higher alkaline lignin content, peaking at 5%.
  • SEM revealed a rougher morphology at 1-3% lignin, transitioning to a smoother, plasticized surface at 5% lignin.

Conclusions:

  • Alkaline lignin effectively reinforces SMPs, enhancing mechanical properties such as storage and flexural modulus.
  • The optimal alkaline lignin content for improved mechanical performance and a smoother surface morphology is 5%.
  • Increased lignin content improves polymer-alkaline lignin interaction, leading to a harder composite structure.