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Soccer heading immediately alters brain function and brain-muscle communication.

Johnny V V Parr1,2, Liis Uiga1,2, Ben Marshall1,2

  • 1Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|May 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Soccer heading impairs cognitive function and disrupts neural processes. Repetitive heading may lead to compensatory brain-muscle communication, potentially indicating inefficient resource allocation.

Keywords:
EEGEMG—electromyogramcorticomuscular coherence (CMC)football (soccer)mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)subconcussion

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Growing evidence links repetitive soccer heading to neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Even brief heading can impair cognitive performance and motor control.
  • Mechanisms behind immediate heading-related impairments require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how acute soccer heading affects brain function.
  • To examine alterations in brain-muscle communication during a motor task post-heading.
  • To understand the neural mechanisms underlying immediate impairments from soccer heading.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty soccer players were divided into a real heading group (n=30) and a virtual reality (VR) control group (n=30).
  • Cognitive performance (King-Devick test), electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), and corticomuscular coherence (CMC) were measured before and after heading.
  • Participants performed a force precision task to assess brain-muscle communication.

Main Results:

  • The VR group improved cognitive performance; the heading group did not.
  • Both groups showed improved force precision, but the VR group exhibited increased frontal theta and global alpha/beta activity.
  • The heading group showed elevated corticomuscular coherence (CMC), unlike the VR group.

Conclusions:

  • Acute soccer heading can impair cognitive function and disrupt efficient neural processes for motor skills.
  • Induced corticomuscular hyperconnectivity may represent compensatory mechanisms and inefficient neural resource allocation.
  • Findings provide insights into the immediate neural mechanisms of impairment following soccer heading.