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Arsenic and Diabetes Mellitus: A Putative Role for the Immune System

Jingli Liu1, Tonia Hermon1, Xiaohua Gao1

  • 1Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.

All Life
|May 8, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Chronic arsenic exposure may increase diabetes mellitus risk by affecting the immune system. This review explores how arsenic impacts immune responses, potentially leading to type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant global health concern.
  • Chronic arsenic exposure is increasingly linked to increased risks of type 1 and type 2 DM.
  • The precise mechanisms connecting arsenic exposure and DM pathogenesis remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the immune system in the development of DM associated with arsenic exposure.
  • To explore the hypothesis that immune system modulation by arsenic contributes to DM.
  • To synthesize evidence from human, animal, and in vitro studies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating arsenic exposure and DM.
  • Analysis of research on arsenic's immunomodulatory effects.
  • Examination of the role of immune dysregulation in DM pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Arsenic is a known modulator of immune system functions.
  • Epidemiological and experimental data indicate an association between arsenic exposure and elevated DM risk.
  • Immune system dysregulation is a key feature in the development of both type 1 and type 2 DM.

Conclusions:

  • The immune system may serve as a critical link between arsenic exposure and the development of diabetes mellitus.
  • Understanding these immune-mediated mechanisms can elucidate how environmental factors influence disease.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the complex interplay between arsenic, immunity, and diabetes.
Keywords:
Arseniccytokinesdiabetes mellitusimmune systemoxidative stress

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