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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical Profile and

Sai Sandhya Addanki1, Venkatesh Chandrasekaran1, Preeti Kandasamy2

  • 1Dept. of Paediatrics, JIPMER, Puducherry, India.

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine
|May 8, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Preschool children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) most commonly present with the hyperactive-impulsive type and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Language delay is also a frequent comorbidity, requiring targeted management strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Diagnosing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in preschool children is complex due to developmental variations in behavior.
  • Preschoolers exhibit developmentally appropriate hyperactivity and are in a dynamic learning phase, complicating accurate diagnosis.
  • This study focuses on understanding the clinical characteristics and co-occurring conditions of ADHD in young children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical profile of preschool children diagnosed with ADHD.
  • To identify the prevalence and types of comorbidities associated with ADHD in this age group.
  • To analyze sociodemographic factors and their relationship with ADHD subtypes and comorbidities.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty preschool children diagnosed with ADHD were consecutively enrolled from a child guidance clinic (CGC).
  • Diagnosis and comorbidity assessment followed DSM-5 criteria, utilizing Vanderbilt teacher and parent rating scales.
  • Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected and analyzed for associations with ADHD subtypes and comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • Preschool ADHD cases represented 8% of all pediatric patients at the CGC and 20% of all ADHD cases.
  • The hyperactive-impulsive subtype was most prevalent, with a male to female ratio of 11.5:1.
  • Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) was the most common comorbidity, observed in 20% of cases, alongside isolated language delay.

Conclusions:

  • The hyperactive-impulsive subtype is predominant in preschool ADHD.
  • Language delay and ODD are significant comorbid conditions requiring attention for effective management.
  • Addressing these specific developmental and behavioral issues is crucial for the appropriate care of preschool children with ADHD.
Abstract

Keywords:
ADHDcomorbiditypreschool child

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