CATAMENIAL DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Reproductive Health
• Metabolic Disorders

Background:

• Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes.
• Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle can impact glycemic control.
• Catamenial DKA, a rare form of DKA, is associated with menstruation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the link between the menstrual cycle and diabetic ketoacidosis.
• To highlight the importance of considering catamenial DKA in susceptible patients.
• To propose a management strategy for preventing menstrual cycle-associated DKA.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a 21-year-old female with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
• Analysis of recurrent DKA episodes occurring prior to menstrual bleeding.
• Review of potential contributing factors for DKA development.

Main Results:

• The patient experienced recurrent DKA episodes exclusively a few days before her menstrual period.
• No other common precipitating factors for DKA were identified.
• This pattern suggests a strong association between menstruation and DKA in this individual.

Conclusions:

• Catamenial DKA should be considered in women with diabetes presenting with recurrent DKA without other clear causes.
• Proactive insulin dose adjustment prior to menstruation may prevent hyperglycemia and DKA.
• Personalized management strategies are crucial for patients with type 1 diabetes and menstrual cycle-related glycemic variability.