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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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Functional brain alterations in Cushing's syndrome.

Eleni Papakokkinou1,2, Oskar Ragnarsson1,2,3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|May 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Prolonged cortisol excess in Cushing's syndrome (CS) causes brain changes affecting memory and attention. Functional MRI studies reveal altered brain function, but long-term reversibility needs more research.

Keywords:
Cushing’s syndromedefault mode networkfunctional connectivityhippocampusprefrontal cortexresting-state functional magnetic resonance imagingtask-related functional magnetic resonance imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cushing's syndrome (CS) is characterized by prolonged cortisol excess.
  • Cognitive impairment and affective disorders are prevalent in CS patients.
  • Cortisol's effects on the brain can lead to persistent memory and executive function deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on brain alterations in CS patients.
  • To understand the impact of hypercortisolism on brain structure and function.
  • To assess the reversibility of neurobiological changes after CS treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroimaging studies, primarily focusing on fMRI.
  • Analysis of structural brain alterations (e.g., hippocampal volume reduction).
  • Evaluation of functional brain changes in cognitive, emotional, and executive networks.

Main Results:

  • CS is associated with structural brain changes, including reduced hippocampal, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex volumes.
  • fMRI studies show altered activity in brain regions critical for cognition and emotion in CS patients.
  • These functional alterations are observed in both active CS and post-treatment phases.

Conclusions:

  • Hypercortisolism causes significant structural and functional brain alterations in Cushing's syndrome.
  • Observed cognitive and affective deficits may not be fully reversible after treatment.
  • Longitudinal studies are crucial to determine the long-term impact and potential recovery of brain function in CS.