Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

3.6K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
3.6K
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview

2.7K
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
2.7K
Crossed Aldol Reactions: Overview01:04

Crossed Aldol Reactions: Overview

5.5K
Crossed aldol addition is the reaction between two different carbonyl compounds under acidic or basic conditions. Here, both the carbonyl compounds function as nucleophiles and electrophiles. As shown in Figure 1, such a reaction yields a mixture of products, two of which are formed via self-condensation, while the remaining two are formed via crossed-condensation. Without adjustment, the reaction's usefulness in organic chemistry is decreased.
5.5K
Coupled Reactions01:17

Coupled Reactions

7.9K
Cellular processes such as building and breaking down complex molecules occur through stepwise chemical reactions. Some of these chemical reactions are spontaneous and release energy, whereas others require energy to proceed. Cells often couple the energy-releasing reaction with the energy-requiring one to carry out important cell functions. 
Energy in adenosine triphosphate or ATP molecules is easily accessible to do work. ATP powers the majority of energy-requiring cellular reactions....
7.9K
Phase II Reactions: Miscellaneous Conjugation Reactions01:19

Phase II Reactions: Miscellaneous Conjugation Reactions

88
Phase II biotransformations are detoxification mechanisms that conjugate xenobiotics with endogenous substances, neutralizing their toxicity.
A key example involves the conjugation of cyanide ions, which impair cellular respiration and alter hemoglobin into non-oxygen-carrying cyanmethemoglobin. To neutralize this threat, a sulfur atom from thiosulphate is transferred to the cyanide ion, catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanese, resulting in an inactive compound called thiocyanate. The production of...
88
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

1.8K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Engineering a Carbolong Nanoplatform for Piezoelectric Immunotherapy.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Bioorthogonal Catalytic Microneedles Based on a Cytotoxic PEI Matrix for Synergistic Melanoma Therapy.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Template-Steered Transformation of Isocyanides to Cumulene-Containing Organometallic Polymers on Ag(110).

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Visualizing Interfacial Charge Trapping in a Heterostructure of a Monolayer Metal-Organic Framework on a van der Waals Substrate.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Programmable Higher-Order Topological Phases in Open-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Engineering Graphene Nanoribbons via Periodically Embedding Oxygen Atoms.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same journal

Solid-State NMR Quantification of Brønsted-Lewis Acid Site Cooperativity in Zeolites for Glucose Conversion.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same journal

Ion-Pairing-Mediated Selective Transport of Rare Earth Elements through Functionalized Graphene Nanopores.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same journal

Ligand-Tuned CISS-Effect of Atomically Precise Metal Oxido Nanoclusters.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same journal

Data-Driven Exploration of the Polyethylene Catalyst Chemical Space via Machine Learning.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same journal

Role of Ultrafast Electron-Thermal-Phonon Interactions in High Harmonic Generation and Dephasing from Graphene.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same journal

Real-Time Vibrational Spectroscopy Reveals an Inversion Transition State in the Photoisomerization of Phenylazoimidazole.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
11:44

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Published on: March 20, 2014

25.5K

On-Surface Cross-Coupling Reactions.

Guang-Yan Xing1, Ya-Cheng Zhu1, Deng-Yuan Li1

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|May 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

On-surface synthesis enables precise fabrication of carbon nanomaterials. This perspective explores cross-coupling reactions for enhanced selectivity in creating advanced materials.

More Related Videos

Retropinacol/Cross-pinacol Coupling Reactions - A Catalytic Access to 1,2-Unsymmetrical Diols
10:12

Retropinacol/Cross-pinacol Coupling Reactions - A Catalytic Access to 1,2-Unsymmetrical Diols

Published on: April 4, 2014

13.1K
Analysis of Complex Molecules and Their Reactions on Surfaces by Means of Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry
07:53

Analysis of Complex Molecules and Their Reactions on Surfaces by Means of Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 1, 2020

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
11:44

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Published on: March 20, 2014

25.5K
Retropinacol/Cross-pinacol Coupling Reactions - A Catalytic Access to 1,2-Unsymmetrical Diols
10:12

Retropinacol/Cross-pinacol Coupling Reactions - A Catalytic Access to 1,2-Unsymmetrical Diols

Published on: April 4, 2014

13.1K
Analysis of Complex Molecules and Their Reactions on Surfaces by Means of Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry
07:53

Analysis of Complex Molecules and Their Reactions on Surfaces by Means of Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 1, 2020

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • On-surface synthesis is a key bottom-up method for atomically precise carbon nanomaterial fabrication.
  • Current methods often face challenges in selectivity due to complex reactivity and irreversible bonds.
  • Existing reactions, like dehalogenation and dehydrogenation homocoupling, are limited in scope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of on-surface cross-coupling reactions.
  • To highlight their synthetic applications in creating low-dimensional carbon nanosystems.
  • To address challenges in achieving high selectivity in surface reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Focuses on Ullmann, Sonogashira, Heck, and divergent cross-coupling reactions.
  • Discusses reactions performed on solid substrates under ultra-high-vacuum conditions.
  • Reviews advancements in controlling covalent coupling on surfaces.

Main Results:

  • On-surface cross-coupling reactions offer improved pathways for carbon nanosystem synthesis.
  • These methods provide greater control over material structure and properties.
  • The reviewed reactions expand the toolkit for atomically precise fabrication.

Conclusions:

  • On-surface cross-coupling reactions are crucial for advancing low-dimensional carbon material synthesis.
  • Overcoming selectivity challenges is key to unlocking the full potential of these methods.
  • Continued research promises novel carbon nanomaterials with tailored functionalities.