Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 in the German Population

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• No national SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveys were conducted in Germany during the pandemic.
• The GUIDE study was initiated within the IMMUNEBRIDGE project to address this gap.
• The study aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence at national and regional levels in Germany.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess population-wide immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in German adults.
• To provide statistically robust seroprevalence data for national and regional comparisons.
• To identify potential immunity gaps within specific subgroups and regions.

Main Methods:

• Utilized self-sampling dried blood spot cards for serological testing.
• Combined serological data with telephone and online surveys.
• Analyzed blood samples for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens.

Main Results:

• Detected anti-S antibodies in 95.7% and anti-N antibodies in 44.4% of 15,932 participants.
• High seroprevalence observed in older age groups (≥65 and ≥80 years).
• Significant regional variations in anti-S and anti-N antibody distribution were identified, with distinct patterns in eastern and western German states.

Conclusions:

• A substantial proportion of the adult German population exhibits SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
• High seroprevalence suggests a reduced likelihood of healthcare system overburdening from future SARS-CoV-2 waves.
• Regional disparities and subgroup immunity gaps warrant further investigation and targeted public health strategies.