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Word frequency impacts meaning access, but object frequency effects are complex. Rare objects may be recognized faster, suggesting category structure influences visual meaning retrieval.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Word frequency (WF) significantly influences word recognition and meaning access.
  • The role of object frequency (OF) in visual recognition remains less understood.
  • Real-world image datasets enable estimation of object occurrence frequency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether object frequency (OF) affects visual recognition similarly to word frequency (WF).
  • To explore frequency effects in both word and object recognition tasks.
  • To understand the interplay between frequency, category structure, and semantic processing.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization task (natural vs. man-made) for words and objects (Experiment 1).
  • Unimodal and cross-modal priming tasks to assess recognition speed (Experiments 2-3).
  • Analysis of response times in relation to WF and OF.

Main Results:

  • A consistent WF effect was observed for both words and objects.
  • No OF effect was found in the categorization task.
  • Cross-modal priming revealed an OF effect, with faster recognition for less frequent objects.
  • This counterintuitive OF effect was replicated and linked to object category homogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • Object frequency influences visual meaning access, but not always in line with word frequency patterns.
  • The recognition of rare objects can be facilitated, possibly due to category structure.
  • Findings challenge simple frequency-based models and highlight the complexity of visual semantic processing.