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Updated: Jul 31, 2025
Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
Published on: April 23, 2014
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Persian version of Everyday Memory
Akram Ahmadi1,2, Masoume Hajipour3, Fatemeh Vojoudi4
1Mobility Impairment Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran.
Purpose:
The present research translated and validated the Persian version of the Everyday Memory Questionnaire-Revised (EMQ-R) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Methods:
A two-step study was performed in the current work. First, the scale was translated and culturally adopted to Persian. In the second step, the translated questionnaire was presented to 150 patients with MS and 50 individuals in the control group. Then, construct validity (factor analysis and clinical validity) and reliability measures (test-retest reliability and internal consistency) were computed for this questionnaire.
Results:
Patients with MS obtained higher scores in EMQ-R than the control group (p < .001). The findings of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett test approved the sampling adequacy for computing the factor analysis (p < .001). The accuracy of the three-dimensional structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Findings of test-retest (ICC = .95, 95%CI .91-.98, p < .001) and internal consistency revealed a satisfactory value (α = .95, p < .001).
Conclusions:
Satisfactory findings for construct validity and high values for reliability revealed that the Persian version of EMQ-R is a reliable and valid scale to measure the everyday memory of patients with MS in the cognitive assessments of this group.
