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The interrelationship between sleep, diet, and glucose metabolism
Marie-Pierre St-Onge1, Anna Cherta-Murillo2, Christian Darimont2
1Division of General Medicine and Center of Excellence for Sleep & Circadian Research, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Sleep Medicine Reviews
|May 8, 2023
Summary
Short sleep duration is linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dietary changes, especially carbohydrate quality, may improve sleep and metabolic health, suggesting a bidirectional relationship.
Area of Science:
- Metabolic Health
- Sleep Science
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Rising global prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) correlates with reduced sleep duration.
- Existing research suggests associations between short sleep and increased obesity/T2D rates, but causality requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review evidence supporting sleep as a factor in obesity and T2D development.
- To evaluate the bidirectional relationship between sleep and metabolic disorders.
- To explore how diet composition impacts sleep quality and glycemic control.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies examining sleep duration, obesity, T2D, insulin resistance, and dietary factors.
- Analysis of proposed mechanisms linking glycemic excursions to sleep fragmentation.
- Consideration of the impact of meal composition on sleep and metabolism.
Main Results:
- Evidence suggests sleep is an intrinsic factor in metabolic disorders.
- A bidirectional association between sleep and metabolic health is plausible.
- Dietary factors, particularly carbohydrate quality, may acutely and chronically affect sleep.
Conclusions:
- Dietary modifications, especially concerning carbohydrate quality, show potential for improving sleep.
- Further research should investigate synergistic nutrient strategies for sleep quality, focusing on carbohydrate characteristics and ratios.
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