Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

6.9K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
6.9K
Bacterial Protein Maturation01:26

Bacterial Protein Maturation

43
Bacterial protein maturation is a tightly regulated process that ensures newly synthesized polypeptides achieve correct functional conformations. This maturation involves a series of modifications, folding events, and quality control steps, often assisted by specialized chaperone proteins.N-Terminal ModificationsThe maturation of bacterial polypeptides begins cotranslationally as the polypeptide exits the ribosome. The first amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet), is typically modified at the...
43
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

50.6K
The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
50.6K
Protein Modifications in the RER01:26

Protein Modifications in the RER

5.3K
Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal...
5.3K
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

47
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
47
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.2K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

HsClpP-Engaging Selective Mitochondrial Pan-PDK Degraders for Cancer Therapy.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Approaches for Detecting Protein <i>S</i>-Palmitoylation and Depalmitoylation.

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

<i>S</i>-palmitoylation of ATG4B facilitates the deconjugation of LC3-II to promote autophagy.

Autophagy·2026
Same author

The multifaceted regulation of autophagy protein ATG16L1 and its implications in human diseases.

Autophagy·2026
Same author

Unexpected Discovery of a Novel Triphenylphosphonium Alkylalcohol That Triggers Cancer Cell Death via Mitophagy and Ferroptosis.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2025
Same author

Design and Evaluation of Peptide Inhibitors Targeting the Dimerization of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications
09:29

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications

Published on: May 18, 2017

8.5K

Legionella pneumophila-mediated host posttranslational modifications.

Yi Yang1, Ligang Mei1, Jing Chen1

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.

Journal of Molecular Cell Biology
|May 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Legionella pneumophila manipulates host cells using effector proteins that add or remove posttranslational modifications (PTMs). This review details how these PTMs impact bacterial survival and host immune evasion.

Keywords:
Legionella pneumophilaLegionella-containing vacuolebacterial effectorhost defense systemhost–pathogen interactionpathogenesisposttranslational modification

More Related Videos

Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria
13:54

Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria

Published on: April 2, 2013

10.6K
Purification of Pathogen Vacuoles from Legionella-infected Phagocytes
09:25

Purification of Pathogen Vacuoles from Legionella-infected Phagocytes

Published on: June 19, 2012

12.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications
09:29

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications

Published on: May 18, 2017

8.5K
Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria
13:54

Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria

Published on: April 2, 2013

10.6K
Purification of Pathogen Vacuoles from Legionella-infected Phagocytes
09:25

Purification of Pathogen Vacuoles from Legionella-infected Phagocytes

Published on: June 19, 2012

12.5K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Legionella pneumophila, a Gram-negative bacterium, causes Legionnaires' disease pneumonia.
  • It utilizes an Icm/Dot type IV secretion system to deliver over 300 effector proteins into host cells.
  • These effectors manipulate host defenses for bacterial survival and replication.

Approach:

  • This review summarizes effector-mediated posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of host proteins by L. pneumophila.
  • It covers both the addition and removal of various PTMs, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, AMPylation, phosphocholination, methylation, and ADP-ribosylation.
  • The molecular mechanisms and biological functions of these PTMs are described.

Key Points:

  • L. pneumophila effectors mediate diverse PTMs on host proteins, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, AMPylation, phosphocholination, methylation, and ADP-ribosylation.
  • Effectors also remove PTMs through dephosphorylation, deubiquitination, deAMPylation, deADP-ribosylation, dephosphocholination, and delipidation.
  • These modifications are crucial for regulating bacterial growth, Legionella-containing vacuole biogenesis, and host immune disruption.

Conclusions:

  • L. pneumophila extensively employs effector-mediated PTMs to subvert host cell processes.
  • Understanding these PTMs provides insights into bacterial pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions.
  • Targeting these effector functions could offer novel therapeutic strategies against Legionnaires' disease.