Green Approach Toward Triazole Forming Reactions for Developing Anticancer Drugs.

Area of Science:

• Medicinal Chemistry
• Green Chemistry
• Organic Synthesis

Background:

• Triazole compounds are vital in pharmaceuticals, dyes, and materials science.
• They exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
• Efficient and environmentally friendly synthesis of triazoles is critical for pharmaceutical development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the last five years of green chemistry approaches for synthesizing 1,2,3-triazole moieties.
• To focus on the application of these methods in creating biologically active compounds, particularly anticancer agents.
• To highlight the incorporation of triazoles into natural products and drug-like molecules.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature focusing on green chemistry principles applied to click reactions (alkyne-azide cycloaddition).
• Analysis of synthetic strategies for incorporating 1,2,3-triazole rings into diverse molecular scaffolds.
• Evaluation of cytotoxicity data for synthesized triazole analogues against various cancer cell lines.

Main Results:

• Several green chemistry methods have been developed for efficient triazole synthesis, reducing hazardous solvent and reagent use.
• 1,2,3-Triazole moieties were successfully installed in various natural products and synthetic molecules, including colchicine, flavonoids, and bisphosphonates.
• Many synthesized triazole hybrid analogues demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against a range of cancer cell lines, including multidrug-resistant ones.

Conclusions:

• Green chemistry approaches significantly enhance the synthesis of triazole-based compounds for pharmaceutical applications.
• The click reaction provides a versatile route for generating novel triazole hybrids with potent anticancer activities.
• Further research into eco-friendly triazole synthesis holds great promise for developing new cancer therapeutics.