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Low cross-sensitivity and sensitivity-enhanced FBG sensor interrogated by an OCMI-based three-arm interferometer.

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    A novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor uses optical carrier microwave interferometry (OCMI) and a three-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) for enhanced sensitivity. This design significantly improves strain sensing and reduces temperature cross-sensitivity, ideal for extreme environment monitoring.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Sensing
    • Interferometry
    • Fiber Optic Sensors

    Background:

    • Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors are widely used for various measurements.
    • Conventional FBG sensors often suffer from cross-sensitivity issues, particularly between strain and temperature.
    • Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) can enhance sensor sensitivity but may introduce complexity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel FBG sensor system.
    • To leverage a Vernier effect for enhanced sensitivity and reduced cross-sensitivity.
    • To enable high-precision health monitoring in extreme environments.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing an optical carrier microwave interferometry (OCMI) interrogation scheme.
    • Employing a three-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) configuration.
    • Superimposing interferograms from the MZI's middle, sensing, and reference arms.

    Main Results:

    • The OCMI-based three-arm-MZI FBG sensor achieved a 17.5-fold increase in strain sensitivity compared to a two-arm interferometer.
    • Temperature sensitivity was drastically reduced from 371.858 KHz/°C to 1.455 KHz/°C.
    • The system demonstrated high resolution, high sensitivity, and low cross-sensitivity.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed OCMI-based three-arm-MZI FBG sensor offers a robust solution for precise measurements.
    • The sensor's ability to mitigate cross-sensitivity is a significant advancement.
    • This technology holds great potential for reliable health monitoring in challenging conditions.