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    Crystalline quartz shows strong terahertz (THz) optical rectification and electro-optic sampling (EOS) responses up to 8 THz. Its performance, independent of thickness, suggests surface effects, making it a reliable THz detection medium.

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    Area of Science:

    • Solid-state physics
    • Nonlinear optics
    • Terahertz (THz) science and technology

    Background:

    • Alpha-quartz (α-quartz) is a widely used crystalline material.
    • Its optical and mechanical properties make it suitable for various applications.
    • Understanding its nonlinear optical response at THz frequencies is crucial for advanced applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the terahertz (THz) optical rectification (OR) and electro-optic sampling (EOS) responses of z-cut α-quartz.
    • To assess the suitability of crystalline quartz as a THz electro-optic medium for high electric-field detection.
    • To characterize the THz emission properties of quartz as a substrate.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental measurement of the electro-optic sampling (EOS) response of z-cut α-quartz.
    • Experimental measurement of the terahertz (THz) optical rectification (OR) response of z-cut α-quartz.
    • Analysis of the frequency dependence and thickness independence of the THz responses.

    Main Results:

    • Z-cut α-quartz exhibits broad OR and EOS responses extending up to approximately 8 THz.
    • The THz responses were found to be independent of the crystal thickness.
    • These findings suggest a significant surface contribution to the second-order nonlinear susceptibility of quartz at THz frequencies.

    Conclusions:

    • Crystalline quartz is a reliable medium for THz electro-optic sampling and high-field THz detection.
    • The thickness independence of the THz response highlights the importance of surface nonlinearities.
    • Quartz can be effectively utilized as a substrate for THz emission applications.