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Manipulation of sub-terahertz waves using digital coding metasurfaces based on liquid crystals.

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    This study introduces a new digital coding metasurface liquid crystal (LC) phase shifter for sub-terahertz frequencies. It demonstrates four switchable states with significant phase shifts and doubled modulation speed, offering novel wavefront modulation capabilities.

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    Area of Science:

    • Metamaterials and Nanophotonics
    • Liquid Crystal Technology
    • Terahertz (THz) Photonics

    Background:

    • Metasurfaces offer advanced control over electromagnetic waves.
    • Liquid crystals (LCs) are widely used in phase modulation devices.
    • Sub-terahertz (sub-THz) frequencies are crucial for next-generation communication and sensing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and experimentally validate a novel sub-terahertz liquid crystal phase shifter.
    • To utilize digital coding metasurfaces for dynamic phase control.
    • To enhance the modulation speed of LC-based phase shifters.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of a metasurface structure with metal gratings and resonant elements immersed in LC.
    • Application of voltage to individual gratings to control LC molecule orientation.
    • Experimental characterization of the phase shifter's performance at 120 GHz.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved four distinct switchable coding states for the phase shifter.
    • Demonstrated experimental phase shifts of 0°, 102°, 166°, and 233° at 120 GHz.
    • Observed approximately doubled modulation speed due to a transverse electric field control.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed digital coding metasurface LC phase shifter offers effective wavefront modulation.
    • The proposed structure provides a novel approach for dynamic phase control in the sub-terahertz range.
    • Enhanced modulation speed signifies potential for high-performance THz applications.