Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

964
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
964
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.1K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.0K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.0K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.0K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
1.0K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.5K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
1.5K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Integrating machine learning and pathway modelling to explore factors associated with chronic post-surgical pain and quality of life: a secondary observational analysis of the ENIGMA-II trial.

BJA open·2026
Same author

Characterising anthelmintic resistance to benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones in gastrointestinal nematodes of dairy cattle.

International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance·2026
Same author

Perioperative intravenous fluid and chronic kidney disease: long-term follow-up of the Restrictive versus Liberal Fluid Therapy in Major Abdominal Surgery (RELIEF) randomised trial.

British journal of anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Spatiotemporal structured light: introduction.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2026
Same author

Encoding orbital angular momentum of light in space with optical catastrophes.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Topological control of chirality and spin with structured light.

Light, science & applications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
09:06

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

8.2K

Synthetic spin dynamics with Bessel-Gaussian optical skyrmions.

Keshaan Singh, Pedro Ornelas, Angela Dudley

    Optics Express
    |May 9, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers created optical skyrmions, analogous to magnetic skyrmions, using Bessel-Gaussian beams. These optical skyrmions exhibit controllable precession, offering a new method for studying topological fields.

    Area of Science:

    • Topological physics
    • Optical physics
    • Nonlinear optics

    Background:

    • Skyrmions are topologically stable field configurations with integer topological invariants (Skyrme number).
    • They have been explored in magnetic and optical systems as 2D and 3D structures.
    • Understanding skyrmion dynamics is crucial for their application in advanced technologies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and demonstrate an optical analogy to magnetic skyrmions.
    • To investigate the dynamics and controllable precession of these optical skyrmions.
    • To explore the potential for optical control of systems analogous to solid-state magnetic systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Engineered optical skyrmions and a synthetic magnetic field using superpositions of Bessel-Gaussian beams.

    More Related Videos

    Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
    07:42

    Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

    Published on: July 20, 2022

    2.8K
    Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt
    11:10

    Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt

    Published on: August 26, 2015

    11.6K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 31, 2025

    Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
    09:06

    Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

    Published on: March 24, 2019

    8.2K
    Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
    07:42

    Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

    Published on: July 20, 2022

    2.8K
    Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt
    11:10

    Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt

    Published on: August 26, 2015

    11.6K
  • Observed time dynamics of optical skyrmions over propagation distance.
  • Utilized full Stokes analysis to monitor the Skyrme number invariance.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated controllable periodic precession of optical skyrmions during propagation.
    • Observed that local precession manifests as global beating between skyrmion types.
    • Confirmed the invariance of the Skyrme number throughout the dynamics.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully created and characterized optical skyrmions with dynamics analogous to magnetic skyrmions.
    • The findings show potential for free-space optical control of topological fields.
    • Numerical simulations suggest this approach can be extended to create time-varying magnetic fields.